Indlela idivayisi yokuvikela ukukhuphuka (i-SPD) esebenza ngayo

Izivikeli zokuqhuma, ezaziwa nangokuthiamadivayisi okuvikela ukukhuphuka (I-SPD), ziyizingxenye ezibalulekile kunoma yiluphi uhlelo lukagesi. Zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuvikeleni imishini kagesi ebucayi emiphumeleni elimazayo yokwanda kwamandla kagesi kanye nezinguquko zesikhashana. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola ukuthi izivikeli zokwanda kwamandla kagesi zisebenza kanjani kanye nezimiso ezisekela ukusebenza kwazo.

Ngomqondo oyisisekelo, isivikelo sokukhuphuka sikhawulela i-voltage yesikhashana futhi siqondisa ugesi emuva emthonjeni noma emhlabathini lapho kwenzeka i-voltage transient kusekethe evikelwe. Lokhu kufezwa ngokusebenzisa okungenani ingxenye eyodwa engeyona eqondile eshintsha phakathi kwezimo ze-impedance ephezulu nephansi ngaphansi kwezimo ezahlukene. Ngesikhathi se-voltage evamile yokusebenza, isivikelo sokukhuphuka sihlala sisesimweni se-impedance ephezulu futhi asithinti uhlelo. Kodwa-ke, lapho kwenzeka i-voltage transient, isivikelo sokukhuphuka singena esimweni sokuqhuba (noma i-impedance ephansi) futhi siqondisa ugesi wokukhuphuka emuva emthonjeni noma emhlabathini wawo, sikhawule noma sibambe i-voltage ezingeni eliphephile. Uma i-transient isiphelile, isivikelo sokukhuphuka sibuyela ngokuzenzakalelayo esimweni saso se-impedance ephezulu.

Idivayisi yokuvikela ukukhuphuka iqukethe okungenani ingxenye eyodwa engaqondile njenge-varistor noma igebe lenhlansi elishintsha ukumelana kwayo ne-voltage esetshenziswa kuyo yonke. Lezi zingxenye zenzelwe ukuphambukisa ukukhishwa noma ukushaya kwe-pulse currents kanye nokunciphisa ama-overvoltage emishinini engezansi komfula. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza okuvamile, isivikelo sokukhuphuka kwe-surge asinawo umthelela ohlelweni futhi sisebenza njengesekethe evulekile, sigcina ukuhlukaniswa phakathi komqhubi osebenzayo nomhlaba. Kodwa-ke, lapho kwenzeka ukukhuphuka kwe-voltage, idivayisi yokuvikela ukukhuphuka kwe-surge inciphisa ukuvinjelwa kwayo futhi iphambukise ukukhuphuka kwe-surge current ngaphakathi kwamasekhondi ambalwa. Isebenza njengesekethe evaliwe, ifinyeza ama-overvoltage futhi iwakhawulele emazingeni amukelekayo emishinini kagesi exhunywe phansi komfula.

Isimiso sokusebenza sabavikeli bokukhuphuka kwegesi sibalulekile ekuvikeleni izinhlelo zikagesi neze-elekthronikhi emiphumeleni elimazayo yokukhuphuka kwamandla. Uma zihlanganiswe ohlelweni lukagesi, abavikeli bokukhuphuka kwegesi banikeza ukuzivikela okuthembekile ezigamekweni zesikhashana ezingase zibangele ukwehluleka kwemishini, isikhathi sokungasebenzi, kanye nokulungiswa okubizayo. Ngokuphambukisa nokunciphisa ama-overvoltage, abavikeli bokukhuphuka kwegesi basiza ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuqhubekayo kwemishini ebucayi, okuholela ekuthembekeni okukhulu kanye nezindleko zokulungisa ezincishisiwe.

Ekuphetheni, izivikeli zokukhuphuka, noma ama-SPD, ziyizingxenye ezibalulekile ezihlinzeka ngokuvikelwa okubalulekile kwezinhlelo zikagesi neze-elekthronikhi. Ngokuqonda isimiso sokusebenza sezivikeli zokukhuphuka, kuba sobala ukuthi zidlala kanjani indima ebalulekile ekuvikeleni imishini emiphumeleni elimazayo yokukhuphuka kwamandla kanye nezikhathi ezishintshayo. Njengoba zinekhono lokunciphisa ama-overvoltage kanye nokuphambukisa imisinga yokukhuphuka kwamandla, izivikeli zokukhuphuka kwamandla zibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza okuqhubekayo kanye nokuthembeka kwemishini ebucayi. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlanganisa izivikeli zokukhuphuka kwamandla ezinhlelweni zikagesi kuyindlela ewusizo nengabizi kakhulu yokunciphisa izingozi ezihlobene nokukhuphuka kwamandla kanye nemicimbi yesikhashana.